Not quite an aneurysm, just a misplaced comma and some absent quotes.
Translated:
If the whole world went by the “it takes a village to raise a child” theory, and children were raised not by the individual but by the world as a whole, what would the world look like?
I think the mistake might come from a lack of reading. The contraction “should’ve” is often used in speech, which might be mistakenly written as “should of” if you don’t read a lot and see it written properly all the time. We’ve mostly lost the voiced quality of “v” at the ends of words like that, so it’s basically pronounced “should-uf” in American English.